Power Factor is a measure of how productively electrical energy is utilized. The perfect Power Factor is
solidarity, or one. Anything less than one, (or 100% productivity), implies that additional force is instructed to attain the true errand nearby. This additional power is regarded as Reactive Power, which tragically is important to give a magnetizing impact needed by machines and other inductive loads to perform their coveted capacities. Be that as it may, Reactive Power can likewise be translated as watt-less, magnetizing or squandered power what's more an additional load on the power supply.
It is measured as cosine of angle between voltage and current as depicted in the below figure.
It is clear from above example that due to inductive and capacitive loads power factor lags and leads respectively. reactive power comes into existence due to power factor. in capacitive loads reactive power is supplied to source and in inductive load reactive power is absorbed by load means supplied by source.
Above image shows best analogy of active and reactive power. Actually reactive power causes losses in system. In above figure fane (kvar) is reactive power liquid in cup can be considered as active power (kw) and KVA is apparent power.
Benefits of Power Factor Correction
- Power consumption reduced
- Electricity bills reduced
- Electrical energy efficiency improved
- Extra kVA availability from the existing supply
- Transformer & distribution equipment losses are reduced
- Minimised voltage drop in long cables
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